Digital cameras that use off-the-shelf batteries are often designed to be able to use both single-use disposable and rechargeable batteries, but not simultaneously. The most popular off-the-shelf battery size is AA. In addition, some cameras use CR2, CR-V3, and AAA batteries. The CR2 and CR-V3 batteries are lithium-based and designed for a single usage. In addition to non-rechargeable CR-V3 batteries, there are rechargeable RCR-V3 lithium-ion batteries available.
Some DSLR battery grips include a separate holder for using AA cells as an additional power source.
Conversion of film cameras into digital
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Digital single-lens reflex camera.
When digital cameras became popular, many photographers wondered if their film cameras could be converted to digital. The answer was not immediately evident, as it varied between models. For the majority of 35 mm film cameras, the answer is no; the reworking and expense would be too expensive, especially given that lenses and cameras have evolved concurrently. To offer adequate space for the electronics and a liquid crystal display to preview, most conversions to digital require removing the camera’s back and replacing it with a purpose constructed digital unit.
Several early professional SLR cameras, including the Kodak DCS series,
were derived from 35 mm film cameras. However, due to technological limitations at the time, the bodies of these cameras were mounted on massive, bulky digital units, which were frequently larger than the camera part itself. These were factory-made cameras, not aftermarket adaptations.
A prominent example are the Nikon E2 and E3, which use extra optics to convert the 35 mm format to a 2/3 CCD sensor.
A few 35 mm cameras have had digital camera backs created by their manufacturer, with the Leica R8-R9 being one famous example. Medium and large format cameras (those that use film stock larger than 35 mm) have low unit production, and typical digital backs for them cost more than $10,000. The cameras also tend to be highly modular, with handgrips, film backs, winders, and lenses accessible independently to meet different requirements.
The extremely big sensor used by these cameras results in massive image sizes. For example, Phase One’s P45 39 MP image back generates a single TIFF image of up to 224.6 MB, and even higher pixel counts are possible. Medium format digital cameras, like this one, are tailored more toward studio and portrait shooting than their smaller DSLR counterparts; the ISO speed, in instance, tends to be limited to 400, compared to 6400 on some DSLR cameras. (The Canon EOS-1D Mark IV and Nikon D3S have ISO 12800 plus Hi-3 ISO 102400, whereas the Canon EOS-1Dx has ISO 204800.).
Digital camera backs
Main article: Digital camera back.
In the Some camera systems in the industrial and high-end professional photography markets include modular (removable) image sensors. For example, some medium format SLR cameras, such as the Mamiya 645D series, allow you to add either a digital camera back or a standard photographic film back.
Area arrays include CCD, CMOS, linear arrays, monochrome CCD, and 3-strip CCDs with color filters.
Linear array cameras are sometimes known as scan backs.
Single-shot
Multi-shot (typically three shots).
Most previous digital camera backs employed linear array sensors that moved vertically to digitize the image. Many of them only take greyscale photographs. The comparatively long exposure times, which can be seconds or even minutes, typically confine scan backs to studio applications, where the photographer has complete control over the photographic scene.
Some additional camera backs use CCD.
arrays identical to standard cameras. These are known as single-shot backs.
Because it is far easier to make a high-quality linear CCD array with thousands of pixels than a CCD matrix with millions, very high resolution linear CCD camera backs became available much sooner than their CCD matrix equivalents. In the mid-1990s, for example, you could get a (although costly) camera with a horizontal resolution of more than 7,000 pixels. However, as of 2004, it is difficult to get a comparable CCD matrix camera with the same resolution. As of 2005, rotating line cameras with roughly 10,000 color pixels in its sensor line could collect about 120,000 lines throughout a full 360-degree rotation, resulting in a single digital image of 1,200 Megapixels.
Most Modern digital camera backs employ CCD or CMOS matrix sensors. The matrix sensor catches the whole image frame at once rather than scanning the frame area incrementally over time. For example, in 2008, Phase One released a 39 million pixel digital camera back with a 49.1 x 36.8 mm CCD. This CCD array is somewhat smaller than a 120 film frame but significantly larger than a 35 mm frame (36 x 24 mm). In comparison, consumer digital cameras use CMOS sensors ranging in size from 36 x 24 mm (full frame on high-end consumer DSLRs) to 1.28 x 0.96 mm (on camera phones).
